Books

Underground Empire: How America Weaponized the World Economy, by Henry Farrell & Abraham Newman​

2024, Henry Holt in the US and Allen Lane / Penguin in the UK

"This revelatory book explains how Washington came to command such awesome power and the many ways it deploys this authority... by highlighting how the nature of global power has changed, the book makes an enormous contribution to the way analysts think about influence."

Selected Reviews

Arthur Ross Book Award, Council on Foreign Relations, Bronze Medal

Shortlisted for the Lionel Gelber Prize

Named a best book of the year by Foreign Affairs and Responsible Statecraft

A deeply researched investigation that reveals how the United States is like a spider at the heart of an international web of surveillance and control, which it weaves in the form of globe-spanning networks such as fiber optic cables and obscure payment systems

America’s security state first started to weaponize these channels after 9/11, when they seemed like necessities to combat terrorism―but now they’re a matter of course. Multinational companies like AT&T and Citicorp build hubs, which they use to make money, but which the government can also deploy as choke points. Today’s headlines about trade wars, sanctions, and technology disputes are merely tremors hinting at far greater seismic shifts beneath the surface.

Slowly but surely, Washington has turned the most vital pathways of the world economy into tools of domination over foreign businesses and countries, whether they are rivals or allies, allowing the U.S. to maintain global supremacy. In the process, we have sleepwalked into a new struggle for empire. Using true stories, field-defining findings, and original reporting, Henry Farrell and Abraham Newman show how the most ordinary aspects of the post–Cold War economy have become realms of subterfuge and coercion, and what we must do to ensure that this new arms race doesn’t spiral out of control.

Abraham L. Newman is a professor at the School of Foreign Service and Government Department at Georgetown University. Known for his research on the politics generated by globalization, he serves as a frequent commentator on international affairs, appearing on news programs ranging from Al Jazeera to Deutsche Welle and NPR. His work has been published in leading outlets like The New York Times, The Washington Post, Nature, Science, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, Harvard Business Review, and Politico.

A main area of interest for Henry Farrell, along with Abraham Newman, is the theory of Weaponized Interdependence, starting with an article providing a structural theory of how information and economic networks enable state coercion. Henry is maintaining a separate Weaponized Interdependence website cataloging other articles related to the theory.
Essay

Chained to Globalization – with Abraham Newman

Why It’s Too Late to Decouple In 1999, the columnist Thomas Friedman pronounced the Cold War geopolitical system dead. The world, he wrote, had “gone from a system built around walls to a system increasingly built around networks.” As businesses chased efficiency and profits, maneuvering among great powers was falling away. An era of harmony was at ...
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Interview

Interview with economist Tyler Cowen on Weaponized Interdependence, Big Tech, and Playing with Ideas

Whether it’s China’s influence over the NBA, the US ban of Huawei, or the EU courts asserting that countries can force Facebook to take down content globally, Henry Farrell has played a key role articulating how global economic networks can enable state coercion. Tyler and Henry discuss these issues and more, including what a big ...
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Academic Article

Weaponized Interdependence: How Global Economic Networks Shape State Coercion – with Abraham Newman

Henry Farrell and Abraham Newman (2019), “Weaponized Interdependence: How Global Economic Networks Shape State Coercion,” International Security 44, 1:42-79. Reprinted in Daniel Drezner, Henry Farrell and Abraham Newman, The Uses and Abuses of Weaponized Interdependence, Brookings Institution 2021. Liberals claim that globalization has led to fragmentation and decentralized networks of power relations. This does not ...
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Essay

Weaponized Interdependence – with Abraham Newman

In May 2018, the US Administration announced that it was pulling out of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action agreement on Iran’s nuclear program, reimposing sanctions. Most notably, many penalties do not apply to US firms, but to foreign firms that may have no presence in the US; the sanctions are consequential in large part because ofUS importance to the global financial network.This unilateral action by the US ...
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The Uses and Abuses of Weaponized Interdependence, edited by Daniel Drezner, Henry Farrell and Abraham Newman​

2021, Brookings Institution

"Weaponized Interdependence' is now 'a thing' and one of the hot concepts in international relations, and indeed it is an essential idea for understanding the world. This volume has the ideal editors, and it is a wonderful introduction to the topic."
Tyler Cowen
Professor of Economics, George Mason University

Selected Reviews

How globalized information networks can be used for strategic advantage

Until recently, globalization was viewed, on balance, as an inherently good thing that would benefit people and societies nearly everywhere. Now there is growing concern that some countries will use their position in globalized networks to gain undue influence over other societies through their dominance of information and financial networks, a concept known as “weaponized interdependence.”

In exploring the conditions under which China, Russia, and the United States might be expected to weaponize control of information and manipulate the global economy, the contributors to this volume challenge scholars and practitioners to think differently about foreign economic policy, national security, and statecraft for the twenty-first century. The book addresses such questions as: What areas of the global economy are most vulnerable to unilateral control of information and financial networks? How sustainable is the use of weaponized interdependence? What are the possible responses from targeted actors? And how sustainable is the open global economy if weaponized interdependence becomes a default tool for managing international relations?

Daniel W. Drezner is professor of international politics at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, and a nonresident senior fellow at the Brookings Institution.

Abraham L. Newman is a professor in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service and Government Department, Georgetown University, and director of the Mortara Center for International Studies.

A main area of interest for Henry Farrell, along with Abraham Newman, is the theory of Weaponized Interdependence, starting with an article providing a structural theory of how information and economic networks enable state coercion.

Henry is maintaining a separate Weaponized Interdependence website cataloging other articles related to the theory.

Of Privacy and Power: The Transatlantic Fight over Freedom and Security, by Henry Farrell & Abraham Newman​

2019, Princeton University Press

"Talk about having a year. Most political economy scholars would be happy to have one standout publication in a year. Farrell and Newman produced two distinct pieces of scholarship, both of which deal with the less anticipated ramifications of deepening economic interdependence."
― Daniel Drezner
The Washington Post

Selected Reviews

How disputes over privacy and security have shaped the relationship between the European Union and the United States and what this means for the future

We live in an interconnected world, where security problems like terrorism are spilling across borders, and globalized data networks and e-commerce platforms are reshaping the world economy. This means that states’ jurisdictions and rule systems clash. How have they negotiated their differences over freedom and security? Of Privacy and Power investigates how the European Union and United States, the two major regulatory systems in world politics, have regulated privacy and security, and how their agreements and disputes have reshaped the transatlantic relationship.

The transatlantic struggle over freedom and security has usually been depicted as a clash between a peace-loving European Union and a belligerent United States. Henry Farrell and Abraham Newman demonstrate how this misses the point. The real dispute was between two transnational coalitions―one favoring security, the other liberty―whose struggles have reshaped the politics of surveillance, e-commerce, and privacy rights. Looking at three large security debates in the period since 9/11, involving Passenger Name Record data, the SWIFT financial messaging controversy, and Edward Snowden’s revelations, the authors examine how the powers of border-spanning coalitions have waxed and waned. Globalization has enabled new strategies of action, which security agencies, interior ministries, privacy NGOs, bureaucrats, and other actors exploit as circumstances dictate.

The first serious study of how the politics of surveillance has been transformed, Of Privacy and Power offers a fresh view of the role of information and power in a world of economic interdependence.

Abraham L. Newman is a professor at the School of Foreign Service and Government Department at Georgetown University. Known for his research on the politics generated by globalization, he serves as a frequent commentator on international affairs, appearing on news programs ranging from Al Jazeera to Deutsche Welle and NPR. His work has been published in leading outlets like The New York Times, The Washington Post, Nature, Science, Foreign Affairs, Foreign Policy, Harvard Business Review, and Politico.

The Political Economy of Trust: Institutions, Interests, and Inter-Firm Cooperation in Italy and Germany, by Henry Farrell

2009, Comparative Politics Series, Cambridge University Press

“provides a powerful new way of understanding the role of trust in social, political, and economic life.”
Jacob S. Hacker
Yale University

Description

Trust and cooperation are at the heart of the two most important approaches to comparative politics – rational choice and political culture. Yet we know little about trust’s relationship to political institutions. This book sets out a rationalist theory of how institutions – and in particular informal institutions – can affect trust without reducing it to fully determinate expectations. It then shows how this theory can be applied to comparative political economy, and in particular to explaining inter-firm cooperation in industrial districts, geographical areas of intense small firm collaboration. The book compares trust and cooperation in two prominent districts in the literature, one in Emilia Romagna, Italy, and the other in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It also sets out and applies a theory of how national informal institutions may change as a result of changes in global markets, and shows how similar mechanisms may explain persistent distrust too among Sicilian Mafiosi.