American Democracy is an Easy Target

Americans have become paranoid about foreign cyberattacks on their political system, but they have nobody but themselves to blame.

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The Enshittification of American Power

Back in 2022, Cory Doctorow coined the term “enshittification” to describe a cycle that has played out again and again in the online economy. Entrepreneurs start off making high-minded promises to get new users to try their platforms. But once users, vendors, and advertisers have been locked in—by network effects, insurmountable collective action problems, high switching costs—the ...
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Academic Article

The Role of Effects, Saliencies and Norms in U.S. Cyberwar Doctrine – with Charles Glaser

The US approach to cybersecurity implicitly rests on an effects-based logic. That is, it presumes that the key question determining how the US and others will respond to attacks is what effects they have. Whether the effects come about as a result of cyber means or kinetic means is largely irrelevant. In this article, we ...
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